Kim JE, Go J, Sung JE, Lee HA, Yun WB, Hong JT, Hwang DY (2017) Uridine stimulate laxative effect in the loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs signaling pathway and mucin secretion. Gomez A, Martos F, Bellido I, Marquez E, Garcia AJ, Pavia J, Sanchez CF (1992) Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human and rat colon smooth muscle. Pearson Education, San Francisco, California, p 1037 BMC Complement Altern Med 13: 333Д¬ampbell N, Reece J (2002) Biology, 6th edn. Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Ko J, Hong JT, Hwang DY (2013) Aquous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Mazlyn MM, Nagarajah LH, Fatimah A, Norimah AK, Goh KL (2013) Effects of a probiotic fermented milk on functional constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Koebnick C, Wagner I, Leitzmann P, Stern U, Zunft HJ (2003) Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation. Blackwell publishing, Oxford, pp 15-66Д¬abuk B, Nosworthy MG, Stone AK, Korber DR, Tanaka T, House JD, Nickerson MT (2018) Effect of fermentation on the protein digestibility and levels of non-nutritive compounds of pea protein concentrate. Hutkins RW (2008) Microbiology and technology of fermented foods, 1st edn. Mbatchou VC, Tchouassi DP, Dickson RA, Annan K, Mensah AY, Amponsah IK, Jacob JW, Cheseto X, Habtemariam S, Torto B (2017) Mosquito larvicidal activity of Cassia tora seed extract and its key anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin. Hou J, Gu Y, Zhao S, Huo M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Li X (2018) Anti-inflammatory effects of aurantio-obtusin from seed of Cassia obtusifolia L. Int J Biomater 928679Дong X, Fu J, Yin X, Yang C, Zhang X, Wang W, Du X, Wang Q, Ni J (2017) Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology (Review). Pawar HA, Lalitha KG (2015) Extraction, characterization, and molecular weight determination of Senna tora (L.) seed polysaccharide. Hong L, Guo Z, Huang K, Wei S, Li Bu, Meng S, Long C (2015) Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China. Pawar HA, Lalitha KG (2014) Isolation, purification and characterization of galactomannans as an excipient from Senna tora seeds. Siegers CP, von Hertzberg-Lottin E, Otte M, Schneider B (1993) Anthranoid laxative abuse-a risk for colorectal cancer? Gut 34: 1099-1101 Li XR, Liu CJ, Tang XD, Zhang HM, Luo YY, Zhang L, Yang E (2020) Gut microbiota alterations from three-strain yogurt formulation treatments in slow-transit constipation. Voderholzer WA, Schatke W, Muhldorfer BE, Klauser AG, Birkner B, Muller-Lissner SA (1997) Clinical response to dietary fiber treatment of chronic constipation. Lembo A, Camilleri M (2003) Chronic constipation. Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC (2006) Functional bowel disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23(4): 517-530 Dig Dis Sci 51: 1471-1477Д¬hatoor D, Emmnauel A (2009) Constipation and evacuation disorders. Jun DW, Park HY, Lee OY, Lee HL, Yoon BC, Choi HS, Ham JS, Lee MH, Lee DH, Kee CS (2006) A population-based study on bowel habits in a Korean community: prevalence of functional constipation and self-reported constipation. seeds increases AO, which improves intestinal function, indicating that FSL is effective for treating constipation. Its downstream signaling pathway (p-protein kinase C) was recovered by FSL and AO treatment. Furthermore, the protein levels of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, which is involved in intestine contraction, were recovered in the FSL and AO-treated group. Histological analysis revealed that FSL and AO recovered the intestinal mucus, the number of goblet cells, as well as thickness of the mucosa layer and muscle. Moreover, FSL and AO increased the intestinal transit speed in the constipated rat. The FSL and AO-treated group showed an increase in the frequency, amount, and water content of feces in the constipated rat. Rats were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (eight rats each)-normal and constipated groups (loperamide, FSL, and AO ). We identified the compound aurantio-obtusin (AO) using HPLC quantitative analysis. Here, we examine the mechanism of action of FSL and its bioactive compound, revealed herein, on loperamide-induced constipation Sprague Dawley rat model. seeds fermented by Lactobacillus casei (FSL) as a laxative agent in a loperamide-induced constipation rat model. We previously reported the potential of Senna tora L.

Senna cote